在线数理统计应用程序的研发

应用网络脚本语言PHP,结合MySQL数据库开发了在线数理统计应用程序.系统包含常用的数理统计应用方法,使用简单方便,对干广大用户掌握使用数理统计分析方法有着重要作用.     

基于最小二乘法的落叶松木粉粒径数学建模与分析

【目的】建立落叶松木粉粒径与长宽比的数学模型，通过分析数学模型和其二阶导数，揭示木粉长宽比随粒径减小的变化趋势及变化的根本原因，获得最大长宽比对应的粒径，为建立长宽比与力学性能之间的定量关系提供参考。【方法】利用光学显微镜拍摄获得木粉的显微图像，测算获得目标木粉成熟管胞的平均长度、平均宽度以及木粉粒径的大小。通过数字图像处理技术提取单木粉颗粒的矩形度、长宽比：将原始木粉显微图像由 RGB颜色空间转到Lab颜色空间，提取其b分量；对b分量图像用3×3模板进行中值滤波；用K-means算法将去噪后图像聚类为2类，得木粉的二值图像；对二值图像用5×5的结构元素进行先开启后闭合的数学形态学运算；用八连通区域法标记图像中的单木粉颗粒；对标记后图像用目标区域像素点个数统计法计算获得单木粉颗粒的几何面积，用主轴法获得单木粉颗粒的最小外接矩形的长、宽、面积；计算获得单木粉颗粒的长宽比、矩形度数据。采用最小二乘法对木粉粒径与长宽比进行数据拟合，通过分析评判多项式、高斯和傅里叶3种拟合函数后选用高斯方程表达得木粉粒径与木粉长宽比的数学模型，再根据其拟合曲线方程计算得其二阶导数，结合模型的二阶导数和测算得的木粉管胞数据对高斯模型进行分析与讨论。【结果】矩形度不随木粉粒径的减小而变化，均值在0.6～0.8之间。长宽比随粒径减小出现先增大后减小的趋势：木粉粒径在1100～576μm 时，长宽比数值从接近于1开始逐渐增大；木粉粒径为576μm时(与本文目标木粉成熟管胞的平均长度563.82μm接近)，长宽比达到最大数值4.6；木粉粒径在576～30μm时，长宽比逐渐减小；而粒径小于50μm 时(与目标木粉成熟管胞的平均宽度46.498μm接近)，长宽比数值再次趋近于1。【结论】长宽比的变化与管胞破裂密切相关：木粉粒径大于管胞长度时，木粉主要通过纵向断裂使粒径减小；粒径与管胞长度接近时，长宽比较大；粒径小于等于管胞宽度范围内，木粉主要是横向断裂，而长宽比基本不再发生变化且趋近于1。长宽比和冲击强度随粒径减小的变化趋势是一致的，长宽比是影响材料力学性能本质因素之一。     

Corn (Zea mays L.) Grain and Stover Yield as Affected by Soil Residual Mineral Nitrogen

Evaluation of nitrogen (N) dynamic in soil using regression equations is important for proper determination of N fertilization. A 3-year field experiment was conducted to (1) develop the best-fitted regression model relating corn grain and stover yield to soil residual ammonium (NH₄)-N and nitrate (NO₃)-N for corn yield prediction and (2) evaluate how such a model can be beneficial to the health of ecosystem by predicting the appropriate rates of N fertilization for corn production. Soil NH₄-N and NO₃-N were determined at corn harvest at the depths of 0–30 and 30–60 cm. Nitrogen fertilizer rates and soil mineral N accounted for a maximum of 93% variation in corn grain yield. Soil mineral N enhanced corn yield more than N fertilizer. Totals of 63.1 and 14.1 kg/ha of soil residual NO₃-N and NH₄-N were found in the 0- to 60-cm depth, indicating the importance of performing soil N tests.     

不同性别龙胜凤鸡生长曲线的拟合与分析

为了解龙胜凤鸡的生长发育规律，本研究运用Logistic、Gompertz和Bertalanffy3种非线性模型分别对龙胜凤鸡的生长情况进行曲线拟合和分析。研究结果表明，3种模型均能较好的模拟龙胜凤鸡生长曲线，拟合度假。）均高于0．99，其中以Bertalanffy模型的拟合度最高（公、母鸡都为0．997）。因此，运用3种模型对龙胜凤鸡进行生长曲线的拟合和比较分析是可行的，本研究也为及时了解龙胜凤鸡的生长发育规律提供了参考。     

应用科技编辑方法提高稿件编辑质量的实例分析

针对科技论文中公式、图、表所占篇幅可观的特点,结合编辑工作实践,以具体的实例说明系统方法、数学方法等科技编辑方法的内涵和在科技论文编辑加工中的运用价值,以事实说明自觉运用科学的科技编辑方法,对发现稿件内容方面的差错和提高编辑业务水平切实有效。     

从"集合"的由来演化看数学哲学的基本问题

"集合"已成为现代数学的核心概念,它是人类认识事物、现象等的一种模式。迄今科学家们提出了三种重要的集合概念:Cantor集合、Fuzzy集合、Extension集合,在每一种集合上建立一种数学,集合的拓广导致了数学的拓广。     

高寒地区多年生禾草混播草地种间竞争效应分析

从高寒地区3组分禾草混播草地群落的种问竞争机制出发,建立了适合高寒地区3组分禾草混播草地群落种间竞争机制的Lotka—Volterra竞争效应模型,并对该模型所描述的竞争进行了计算机模拟试验。模拟结果表明,试验所选的3种高寒地区3组分禾草混播草群的种间相容性分为两种类型,即不稳定的群落：多叶老芒麦 无芒雀麦 垂穗披碱草和垂穗披碱草 多叶老芒麦 扁穗冰草,其竞争结局是：群落内多叶老芒麦和垂穗披碱草二者共同表现为优势种群,无芒雀麦或扁穗冰草与优势植物的竞争结果将导致其从群落中消失,多叶老芒麦和垂穗披碱草种群将能稳定共存;不稳定-稳定过渡群落：无芒雀麦 多叶老芒麦 扁穗冰草,在没有多叶老芒麦种群的时候,无芒雀麦和扁穗冰草种群可以共存,但是如果多叶老芒麦种群加入无芒雀麦和扁穗冰草所占的区域,它将导致无芒雀麦和扁穗冰草种群趋于灭绝。通过对3个混播试验组计算机模拟竞争模型的竞争效应分析,其结果与方法对科学建植同类型的多年生混播人工草地具有一定的指导意义。     

茶秆竹高生长模型的比较及组合选择

通过对 5种 S增长模型的比较及组合选择 ,结果表明 :S增长模型都具有单调性、渐近性和拐点 ,此特征能客观地反映诸多自然和经济规律 .通过一定的加权组合 ,用多个增长模型来反映 S变化过程 ,可以提高拟合的精度 ,多个模型的组合要优于单个模型 .用加权模型可以很好地反映茶秆竹的高生长过程 ,在实际生产中可选择 yp2 或 yp 3 组合     

Evaluation of smallholder pig production systems in North Vietnam: Pig production management and pig performances

This study investigated the productive adaptability of pig breeds under different smallholder production conditions in Vietnam, comparing an indigenous with a Vietnamese improved breed. Fieldwork was conducted in four villages with different remoteness in North Vietnam from 2001 to 2002, in 64 households keeping the improved Mong Cai or indigenous Ban as sow breeds and progeny for fattening. Four visits per farm yielded 234 structured interviews. Reproductive performances were derived from 135 litters. Individual weights of pigs (n = 755) were obtained. Data were analysed by regression, linear and generalised linear, especially loglinear models.

Two distinct pig production systems were identified, that differed in remoteness, market access, resource availability, distribution of pig breeds and pig production intensity. Higher performances of 1.4 and 1.5 litters year^− 1, 8.4 and 8.4 piglets weaned litter^− 1, 66.6 and 93.0 kg piglets weaned sow^− 1 year^− 1, and 136 and 177 g day^− 1 ADG were found in two villages near town with semi-intensive production conditions and a high rate of improved Mong Cai sows and MC and LW × MC offspring in the observed population. Lower performances of 1.1 and 1.1 litters year^− 1, 4.6 and 5.5 piglets weaned litter^− 1, 20.5 and 30.9 kg piglets weaned sow^− 1 year^− 1, and 66 and 85 g day^− 1 ADG were observed in parallel to higher incidences of indigenous Ban pigs away from town under extensive conditions. Total live weight offtake per household per year was higher near town and in one village distant to town. MC and LW × MC remained even under demand-driven conditions below the performance potential reported for improved genotypes. Under resource-driven conditions with a saving-oriented production pattern, the higher-yielding but more demanding Mong Cai might not be an efficient production alternative as a further performance reduction can be assumed. A considerable live weight output was observed under resource-driven conditions and with a higher percentage of crossbred LW × Ban offspring in the population, possibly representing a promising production alternative. Factors influencing the performance expression of pigs, and the suitability of different methods for the assessment of performance parameters on-farm are discussed.     

Veterinary cancer registries in companion animal cancer: a review

Current and prior veterinary cancer registries are few in number and scattered. Different inclusion criteria, dissimilar collection methods and variable reference population estimation methods pose obstacles in the comparisons between veterinary and human cancer registries. Veterinary cancer registries have yielded information on the risk and incidence of different cancer types in certain breeds and geographical regions, as well as provided information on genetic and environmental risk factors in some cancers. The objective of this article is to review the prior and current veterinary cancer registries, the information they have contributed and to discuss different issues relating to their structure including inclusion criteria, study populations, reference populations utilized in evaluations, recorded variables and the outcome from these.